Diversidad genética de Oenothera drummondii (Onagraceae), una herbácea de dunas costeras: implicaciones ecológicas y evolutivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2026.97.5708Palabras clave:
Diversidad genética neutral;, Dunas costeras, Microsatélites, Cuellos de botella, Latitud, AutocompatibilidadResumen
Evaluamos la diversidad y estructura genética de Oenothera drummondii Hook. (Onagraceae), planta de dunas costeras con sistema reproductivo mixto; se usaron 9 poblaciones y 10 marcadores microsatélites. La diversidad genética en plantas está influenciada por factores intrínsecos (dispersión y sistema reproductivo) y factores extrínsecos (fluctuaciones poblacionales y efecto fundador). Encontramos diversidad genética moderada a baja, con menor diversidad en poblaciones del sur (Ojoshal) y mayor en el norte (Bolívar). Un estudio complementario mostró mayor autocompatibilidad en Ojoshal y menor en Bolívar, sugiriendo un gradiente latitudinal con incremento de autocompatibilidad hacia el sur, con posible reducción de diversidad genética. Las poblaciones periféricas presentaron menor diversidad y mayor diferenciación, asociada a menor flujo génico y mayor aislamiento; las poblaciones centrales, cercanas al origen de la especie en Texas, mostraron mayor diversidad. Las poblaciones de Baja California (O. drummondii subsp. thalassaphila) formaron un grupo genético distinto, que podría representar a una especie separada. En conjunto, los patrones genéticos de O. drummondii reflejan procesos históricos y ecológicos relacionados con el sistema reproductivo, características florales y las dinámicas de polinización, lo cual podría significar adaptaciones locales a cambios ambientales, y patrones de distribución genética asociados con ellos, como la hipótesis de centro-periferia.
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