Redes tróficas como herramienta para el estudio de la diversidad y complejidad de ecosistemas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.4126Palabras clave:
Interacciones de especies, Topología de redes, Ascendencia, Métodos cuantitativosResumen
Considerando el creciente deterioro del medio ambiente y los efectos nocivos que alteran la riqueza de especies, es importante encontrar la metodología adecuada para el estudio de la diversidad y su manejo. La presente revisión presenta una breve reseña histórica del análisis de redes tróficas, los distintos tipos y métodos de análisis de éstas. Las redes no ponderadas, aunque sencillas en su construcción, representan aspectos estructurales y de diversidad de manera cuantitativa. Las redes ponderadas tienen la ventaja de conocer el flujo de materia entre las especies, sin embargo, la cantidad y calidad de datos necesarios es muy grande y difícil de obtener. Las redes bipartitas, que pueden ser ponderadas o no, son un caso especial útil en estudios de biogeografía o parasitismo. Para los 3 tipos de redes es posible medir características como riqueza de especies, diversidad de flujos y especies, entre otros índices topológicos de las redes útiles para la toma de decisiones en el manejo de los sistemas ecológicos.
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