Primer reporte del complejo Philornis torquans en aves adultas en Ecuador continental: ¿está siendo subestimado el parasitismo por Philornis?

Autores/as

  • Héctor Cadena-Ortiz Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
  • Martín Quiroga Universidad Nacional del Litoral
  • Elisa Bonaccorso Universidad San Francisco de Quito https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-9356

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.4080

Palabras clave:

Bosque seco andino, Parásitos dípteros, Hospedador, Larvas, Miasis

Resumen

La miasis por Philornis es un fenómeno habitual en las aves neotropicales. Las larvas de Philornis son hematófagas y se sabe que afectan tanto a los polluelos como a los adultos. Sin embargo, el parasitismo en adultos parece ser oportunista y ha sido poco estudiado en comparación con el parasitismo en polluelos. En este estudio inspeccionamos 1,429 aves adultas y juveniles de 41 especies de un bosque seco andino en el norte de Ecuador, en busca de infestaciones por larvas de Philornis. Por primera vez, reportamos parasitismo por Philornis en aves adultas de 6 especies de aves paseriformes (Troglodytes aedon, Conirostrum cinereum, Geospizopsis plebejus, Zonotrichia capensis, Pheucticus chrysogaster y Spinus magellanicus). También reportamos los primeros casos de infestación por el complejo Philornis torquans en Ecuador y proveemos datos sobre la prevalencia de miasis por Philornis en este bosque seco andino. Ampliamos tanto el rango de hospedadores como la distribución geográfica del complejo P. torquans.

Citas

Aguirre, Z. M., Kvist L. P., & Sánchez, O. (2006). Bosques secos en Ecuador y su diversidad. In R. Moraes, B. Øllgaard, L. P. Kvist, F. Borchsenius, & H. Balslev (Eds.), Botánica económica de los Andes Centrales (pp. 162–187). La Paz: Universidad Mayor de San Andrés.

Arendt, W. J. (1985). Philornis ectoparasitism of Pearly-eyed Thrashers. II. Effects on adults and reproduction. Auk, 102, 281–292.

BirdLife International (2021). Country profile: Ecuador. Accessed 26 May 2021 from: http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/country/ecuador

Bulgarella, M., Quiroga, M. A., Brito-Vera, G. A., Dregni, J. S., Cunninghame, F., Mosquera, D. A. et al. (2015). Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae), an avian nest parasite invasive to the Galapagos Islands, in mainland Ecuador. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 108, 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/sav026

Bulgarella, M., Quiroga, M. A., & Heimpel, G. E. (2019). Additive negative effects of Philornis nest parasitism on small and declining Neotropical bird populations. Bird Conservation International, 29, 1–22.

Cadena-Ortiz, H., Mantilla, J. S., de Aguilar, J. R., Flores, D., Bahamonde, D., Matta, N. E. et al. (2019). Avian haemosporidian infections in rufous-collared sparrows in an Andean dry forest: diversity and factors related to prevalence and parasitaemia. Parasitology, 146, 765–773. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182018002081

Carvajal-Campos, A. (2009). Reproducción y dieta de la lagartija andina Stenocercus guentheri (Squamata: Iguania) en el Parque Protector Jerusalem (Tesis). Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. Quito.

Cuervo, P. F., Percara, A., Monje, L., Beldomenico, P. M., & Quiroga, M. A. (2020). Environmental variables determining the distribution of an avian parasite: the case of the Philornis torquans complex in South America. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 35, 284–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12488

Dudaniec, R. Y., & Kleindorfer, S. (2006). Effects of the parasitic flies of the genus Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) on birds. Emu, 106, 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1071/MU04040

Dudaniec, R. Y., Kleindorfer, S., & Fessl, B. (2006). Effects of the introduced ectoparasite Philornis downsi on haemoglobin level and nestling survival in Darwin’s Small Ground Finch (Geospiza fuliginosa). Austral Ecology, 31, 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01553.x

Fessl, B., Kleindorfer, S., & Tebbich, S. (2006). An experimental study on the effects of an introduced parasite in Darwin’s finches. Biological Conservation, 127, 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.07.013

García-Robledo, C., Erickson, D. L., Staines, C. L., Erwin, T. L., & Kress, W. J. (2013). Tropical plant-herbivore networks: reconstructing species interactions using DNA barcodes. Plos One, 8, e52967. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052967

Hayes, C. D., Hayes, T., McClure, C. J., Quiroga, M., Thorstrom, R. K., & Anderson D. L. (2019). Native parasitic nest fly impacts reproductive success of an Island-endemic host. Animal Conservation, 22, 157–164.

Herrera, J. M., & Bermúdez, S. E. (2012). Myiasis by Philornis spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Dendroica castanea (Aves: Parulidae) in Panama. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 83, 854–855. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2012.3.1262

Huber, S. K., Owen, J. P., Koop, J. A. H., King, M. O., Grant, P. R., Grant, B. R., & Clayton, D. (2010). Ecoimmunity in Darwin's Finches: Invasive Parasites Trigger Acquired Immunity in the Medium Ground Finch (Geospiza fortis). Plos One, 5, e8605. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008605

Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J., & Yamada, K. D. (2019). MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Brief bioinform, 20, 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108

Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stone-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S. et al. (2012). Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics, 28, 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199

Kleindorfer, S., & Dudaniec, R. Y. (2016). Host-parasite ecology, behavior and genetics: a review of the introduced fly parasite Philornis downsi and its Darwin’s finch hosts. BMC Zoology, 1, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-016-0003-9

Koop, J. A. H., Huber, S. K., Laverty, S. M., & Clayton, D. H. (2011). Experimental demonstration of the fitness consequences of an introduced parasite of Darwin’s finches. Plos One, 6, e19706. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019706

Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P. B., Wright, A. M., Senfeld, T., & Calcott, B. (2016). PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution formolecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34, 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260

Little, S. E. (2008). Myiasis in wild birds. In C. T. Atkinson, N. J. Thomas, & D. B. Hunter (Eds.), Parasitic diseases of wild birds (pp. 546–556). Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell.

Löwenberg-Neto, P. (2008). The structure of the parasite–host interactions between Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) and neotropical birds. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 24, 575–580.

Löwenberg-Neto, P., & De Carvalho, C. J. B. (2013). Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Latin America and the Caribbean: geographic distribution and check-list by country. Zootaxa, 3650, 1–147. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3650.1.1

Manzoli, D. E., Saravia-Pietropaolo, M. J., Antoniazzi, L. R., Barengo, E., Arce, S. I., Quiroga, M. A. et al. (2018). Contrasting consequences of different defence strategies in a natural multihost-parasite system. International Journal for Parasitology, 48, 445–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.11.001

McNew, S., & Clayton, D. (2018). Alien invasion: Biology of Philornis flies highlighting Philornis downsi, an introduced parasite of Galapagos birds. Annual Review of Entomology, 63, 369–87.

McNew, S. M., Goodman, G. B., Yépez, R. J., & Clayton, D. H. (2020). Parasitism by an invasive nest fly reduces future reproduction in Galápagos mockingbirds. Oecologia, 192, 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04582-y

Medrano-Vizcaíno, P., Bedoya, J., & Cadena-Ortiz, H. (2020). Dinámica de la distribución y hospederos de Molothrus bonariensis (Passeriformes: Icteridae) en Ecuador. Caldasia, 42, 38–49. https://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v42n1.78891

Monje, L. D., Quiroga, M., Manzoli, D., Couri, M., Silvestri, L., Venzal, J. M. et al. (2013). Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) from Philornis seguyi (García, 1952) and Philornis torquans (Nielsen, 1913) (Diptera: Muscidae). Systematic Parasitology, 86, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-013-9428-5

Nielsen, J. C. (1912). Mydaea anomala Jaenn., a parasite of South-American birds. Vidensk Dansk Naturh Foren, 63, 195–208.

Norris, A., Cockle, K., & Martin K. (2010). Evidence for tolerance of parasitism in a tropical cavity-nesting bird, Planalto woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes platyrostris), in northern Argentina. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 6, 619–626.

Otranto, D. (2001). The immunology of myiasis: parasite survival and host defense strategies. Trends in Parasitology, 17, 176–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4922(00)01943-7

Peñafiel, N., Flores, D. M., De Aguilar, J. M., Guayasamin, J. M., & Bonaccorso, E. (2019). A cost-effective protocol for total DNA isolation from animal tissue. Neotropical Biodiversity, 5, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2019.1706387

Percara, A., Quiroga, M., Beldomenico, P., & Monje, L. (in press). Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of parasitic flies of the Philornis torquans complex in southern South America. Medical and Veterinary Entomology.

Quiroga, M. A., & Reboreda, J. C. (2012). Lethal and sublethal effects of botfly (Philornis seguyi) parasitism on house wren nestlings. Condor, 114, 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110152

Quiroga, M. A., Monje, L. D., Arrabal, J. C., & Beldomenico, P. M. (2016). Datos moleculares nuevos sobre Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) subcutáneas del sur de Sudamérica sugieren la existencia de un complejo de especies. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 87, 1383–1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2016.10.018

Quiroga, M. A., Hayes, T. I., Hayes, C. D., Garrod, H., Soares, L., Knutie, S. A. et al. (2020). More than just nestlings: incidence of subcutaneous Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) nest flies in adult birds. Parasitology Research, 119, 2337–2342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06696-2

Remsen, J. V. Jr., Areta, J. I., Bonaccorso, E., Claramunt, S., Jaramillo, A., Pacheco, J. F. et al. (2021). A classification of the bird species of South America, version 1. American Ornithological Society. Accessed 30 April 2021 from: http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm

Reyes, E. M. R., & Astudillo-Sánchez, E. (2017). Notes on the nest, owlets, diet, and parasites of the Choco Screech-Owl (Megascops guatemalae centralis) in Loma Alta Communal Reserve, Western Ecuador. Wilson Journal Ornithology, 129, 377–381. https://doi.org/10.1676/16-019.1

Sabrosky, C. W., Bennett, G. F., & Whitworth, T. L. (1989). Bird blow flies (Protocalliphora) in North America (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with notes on Palearctic species. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Salvador, S. A., & Bodrati, A. (2013). Aves víctimas del parasitismo de moscas del género Philornis en Argentina. Nuestras Aves, 58, 16–21.

Segura, L. N., & Reboreda, J. C. 2011. Effects of botfly parasitism on nestling growth and mortality in Red-crested Cardinals. Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 123, 107–115.

Segura, L. N., & F. X. Palacio. 2021. Quantifying the relative importance of direct and indirect effects influencing bird nestling growth. Integrative Zoology, 17, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12544

Teixeira, D. (1999). Myiasis caused by obligate parasites, Ib. general observations on the biology of species of genus Philornis meinert. In J. Guimaraes, N. Papavero (Eds.), Myasis in man and animals in the neotropical region (pp. 71–96). Sao Paulo: Pleidae.

Young, B. E. (1993). Effects of the parasitic botfly Philornis carinatus on nestling House Wrens, Troglodytes aedon, in Costa Rica. Oecologia, 93, 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317679

Zwickl, D. J. (2006). Genetic algorithm approaches for the phylogenetic analysis of large biological sequence datasets under maximum likelihood criterion (Ph.D. Thesis). The University of Texas. Austin, USA.

Descargas

Publicado

2022-12-07

Número

Sección

HISTORIAS DE VIDA