Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: gymnosperms, monocotyledons, and tree ferns

Abstract

Trees or tree-like plants are defined here broadly as perennial, self-supporting plants with an adult height of at least 5 m (without ascending leaves or inflorescences), and with 1 or several erect stems with a diameter of at least 10 cm. We present an updated list of all Mexican tree species under that definition in the Gymnospermae (86 species, 38% endemic to Mexico), Monocotyledonae (75 species, 55% endemic), and Pteridophyta (9 species, none endemic). The list contains a total of 170 species in 37 genera and 12 families, with 74 species (44%) being endemic to Mexico. The list was compiled consulting recent literature, the National Herbarium of Mexico (MEXU), and taxonomic specialists.