Identificación de sitios ambientalmente heterogéneos cuando es urgente la conservación y se cuenta con pocos datos in situ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.4132Palabras clave:
Conservación biológica, Heterogeneidad ambiental, Conectividad estructural, Heteromys pictus, Matriz del paisaje, Diseño de muestreoResumen
Aplicamos un enfoque de dominios ambientales para identificar las características ambientalmente heterogéneas que definen una matriz del paisaje. Construimos capas ambientales a 3 escalas, nacional, regional y local, para considerar las diferentes escalas que pueden tener distintos estudios. Utilizamos una clasificación numérica jerárquica para datos espaciales y una clasificación multivariada. Con base en los dominios obtenidos, construimos mapas de heterogeneidad ambiental y determinamos las variables asociadas para cada escala. Probamos específicamente la idoneidad de nuestro enfoque para definir estrategias de muestreo para estudios de genética del paisaje, usando como especie focal al roedor Heteromys pictus. Así, de los dominios obtenidos en la escala local seleccionamos sitios de muestreo que incluyeran la más amplia heterogeneidad del hábitat, los cuales corroboramos en campo. La matriz del paisaje que generamos fue utilizada con datos genéticos previamente obtenidos para H. pictus. Nuestro protocolo nos permitió identificar variables significativamente asociadas con la dispersión (flujo génico) de los individuos en su hábitat natural. Demostramos así su pertinencia para definir eficientemente localidades de muestreo (matriz del paisaje) que abarquen la mayor heterogeneidad ambiental, en paisajes explorados e inexplorados, e identificar de forma rápida localidades y sus características ambientales en sitios con poca información previa.
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