Partición temporal y coexistencia en ensamblajes de carnívoros a lo largo de un gradiente de perturbación en la selva Maya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2026.97.5834Palabras clave:
Depredador tope, Fototrampeo, Mesocarnívoros;, Solapamiento temporal, Uso del hábitatResumen
Los carnívoros medianos y grandes desempeñan un papel clave en la estructura de las comunidades y la partición temporal facilita su coexistencia en paisajes con distintos niveles de perturbación. Evaluamos los patrones de actividad y el solapamiento temporal entre 7 especies de carnívoros en 5 sitios de la selva Maya a lo largo de un gradiente, desde bosques continuos hasta paisajes ganaderos y transformados, en Campeche y Tabasco, México. Entre 2018 y 2022 obtuvimos 3,143 registros fotográficos en 224 estaciones de fototrampeo. Analizamos los patrones de actividad y estimamos el solapamiento temporal mediante funciones de densidad de kernel. El jaguar y el puma mostraron flexibilidad temporal con patrones catemerales o crepusculares-nocturnos según el sitio, mientras que el ocelote y el tigrillo fueron predominantemente nocturnos. La zorra gris presentó la mayor variabilidad a lo largo del gradiente, mientras que el coyote y el jaguarundi fueron catemerales. En los sitios mejor conservados predominaron patrones catemerales, mientras que en ambientes transformados aumentó la actividad nocturna. Estos resultados indican que la plasticidad en los horarios de actividad, modulada por la integridad del hábitat, constituye un componente relevante de la coexistencia entre carnívoros en la selva Maya.
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