Influencia de la heterogeneidad del paisaje en la diversidad funcional de aves en un gradiente de antropización en la cuenca alta del río Lerma, México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2026.97.5819Palabras clave:
Riqueza funcional, Rasgos biológicos, Agricultura tradicional, Urbanización, Avifauna, Altiplano de LermaResumen
La transformación acelerada del paisaje en la cuenca alta del río Lerma plantea interrogantes sobre sus efectos en la avifauna y en las funciones ecológicas que desempeña. Este estudio evaluó cómo la estructura de la vegetación, las variables asociadas a la antropización y los atributos del paisaje influyen sobre 5 índices de diversidad funcional en 9 tipos de paisaje durante las temporadas de secas y lluvias de 2024. Se muestrearon 224 puntos de conteo y se analizaron los rasgos funcionales de 148 especies. FEve, FDis y RaoQ presentaron diferencias significativas entre paisajes y temporadas, mientras que FRic respondió a la temporada y a la riqueza taxonómica, y FDiv mostró menor sensibilidad al gradiente de uso de suelo. Los paisajes forestales, especialmente bosque de encino y bosque de pino-encino, registraron los valores más altos de FEve, FDis y RaoQ, mientras que urbano, pueblos y algunos sistemas agrícolas presentaron valores menores. La cobertura arbórea local y la cobertura forestal circundante fueron los predictores más consistentes de la variación funcional, mientras que el ruido mostró asociaciones negativas. El análisis fourth-corner reveló asociaciones entre tipos de paisaje y combinaciones de rasgos morfológicos, tróficos, de forrajeo, estrato y estacionalidad observadas a lo largo del gradiente.
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