Ensamblajes de peces en un río regulado del piedemonte andino: perspectivas desde los patrones de abundancia y biomasa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2026.97.5750Palabras clave:
Biodiversidad dulceacuícola, Recambio de especies, Impactos de hidroléctricas, Ictiofauna neotropical, Diversidad betaResumen
Evaluamos los efectos de la regulación del caudal sobre los ensambles de peces aguas abajo de la represa de Chivor en el río Batá (Andes colombianos). Mediante muestreos estandarizados en 12 sitios de 3 sectores (2.5-4.5 km tras la presa), analizamos la abundancia, biomasa y patrones de diversidad alfa y beta en relación con el ambiente. La diversidad alfa aumentó levemente aguas abajo, sin diferencias significativas entre sectores. En contraste, la diversidad beta reveló un marcado cambio composicional entre sectores cercanos y lejanos a la presa, impulsado por el reemplazo de especies y mayor uniformidad, lo que indica reorganización espacial más que acumulación. La diferenciación de los ensambles se asoció fuertemente con la conductividad, velocidad del agua y sustratos dominados por grava, reflejando condiciones ecohidrológicas alteradas. Estos resultados muestran que la regulación del cauce reestructura las comunidades a escala local mediante filtrado ambiental y homogeneización biótica, con recuperación limitada aguas abajo. Así, la diversidad beta destaca como un indicador sensible de la reorganización comunitaria en ríos de piedemonte regulados.
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