Morphology of two species of the thecate dinoflagellate genus Blepharocysta (Dinophyta) from the tropical Mexican Pacific
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2021.92.3826Palabras clave:
Blepharocysta, Planktonic thecate dinoflagellates, Podolampadaceae, Tropical Mexican PacificResumen
The genus Blepharocysta Ehrenberg currently comprises 5 species of truly marine planktonic thecate dinoflagellates, which are solitary, globose, subspherical and heterotrophic cells, lack typical depressed cingulum and sulcus, and are mainly distributed in tropical areas. The morphology of 2 species, Blepharocysta splendor-maris and B. paulsenii, found in net samples from the tropical Mexican Pacific, was studied by LM and SEM, especially plate arrangement and theca ornamentation. Blepharocysta splendor-maris showed more ovoid cells, developed sulcal lists, and theca
with shallow poroids having a relative low density, whereas B. paulsenii had more spherical cells, shorter epitheca, reduced and slightly ornamented sulcal lists, and theca with deep poroids having a relatively higher density. The thecal tabulation in both species agrees with conventional tabulation, including the anterior intercalary plate in B. paulsenii. A comparison of both morphological and ecological characteristics among all species of the genus is done, outstanding shape of cells, relative size, development of sulcal lists, and especially the theca ornamentation as important morphological characters to distinguish species. Blepharocysta splendor-maris is the only species distributed from tropical to Antarctic waters, whereas the others are limited to tropical and subtropical waters.
Citas
Abé, T. H. (1966). The armoured dinoflagellata: I. Podolampidae. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14, 129–154.
Andreis, C., & Andreoli, C. (1975). SEM survey on Mediterranean species of Podolampas. Giornale Botanico Italiano, 109, 387–397.
Balech, E. (1963). La familia Podolampacea (Dinoflagellata). Boletín del Instituto de Biología Marina, 2, 1–27.
Balech, E. (1988). Los dinoflagelados del Atlántico sudoccidental. Madrid: Publicaciones Especiales, Instituto Español de Oceanografía 1.
Burns, D. A., & Mitchell, J. S. (1982). Some coastal marine dinoflagellates from around New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 16, 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1982.9515947
Carbonell-Moore, M. C. (1991). Lissodinium Matzenauer emend., based upon the rediscovery of L. schilleri Matz., another member of the family Podolampadaceae Lindemann (Dinophyceae). Botanica Marina, 34, 327–340. https://doi. org/10.1515/9783112328101-039
Carbonell-Moore, M. C. (1992). Blepharocysta hermosillae, sp. nov. a new member of the family Podolampadaceae Lindemann (Dinophyceae). Botanica Marina, 35, 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1992.35.4.273
Carbonell-Moore, M. C. (1994a). On the taxonomy of the family Podolampadaceae Lindemann (Dinophyceae) with descriptions of three new genera. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 84, 73–99. https://doi. org/10.1016/0034-6667(94)90042-6
Carbonell-Moore, M. C. (1994b). On the biogeography of the family Podolampadaceae Lindemann (Dinophyceae) vertical and latitudinal distribution. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 84, 23–44. https://doi. org/10.1016/0034-6667(94)90039-6
Carbonell-Moore, M. C. (2004). On the taxonomical position of Lessardia Saldarriaga et Taylor within the family Podolampadaceae Lindemann (Dinophyceae). Phycological Research, 52, 340–345. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1440-183.2004.00353.x
Carbonell-Moore, M. C. (2010). Gaarderiella, gen nov., a new name to replace Gaarderia Carbonell-Moore (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae, Podolampadaceae). Phycologia, 49, 402. https://doi.org/10.2216/10-10.1
Carbonell-Moore, M. C. (2018). Proposal to conserve the name Peridinium splendor-maris (Blepharocysta splendor-maris) (Dinophyceae) with a conserved type. Taxon, 67, 633– 635. https://doi.org/10.12705/673.17
Delgado, M., & Fortuño, J. M. (1991). Atlas de fitoplancton del Mar Mediterráneo. Scientia Marina, 55 (suppl. 1), 1–133.
Dodge, J. D. (1982). Marine Dinoflagellates of the British Isles. London: HMSO.
Dodge, J. D. (1985). Atlas of dinoflagellates: a scanning electron microscope survey. London: Farrand Press.
Elbrächter, M., Hoppenrath, M., Jahn, R., & Kusber, W. H. (2018). Stability of the generic names Alexandrium Halim and Gessnerium Halim at risk ecause of Peridinium splendor-maris Ehrenberg, the first documented bloom of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae). Notulae algarum, 60, 1–6.
Elbrächter, M., Gottschling, M., Hoppenrath, M., Jahn, R., Montresor, M., Tillmann, U. et al. (2019). Proposal to conserve the name Alexandrium against Blepharocysta (Dinophyceae). Taxon, 68, 589–590. https://doi.org/10.1002/ tax.12074
Fensome, R. A., Taylor, F. J. R., Norris, G., Sarjeant, W. A. S., Wharton, D. I., & Williams, G. L. (1993). A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontol, Special Pub. No. 7. Hanover: Sheridan Press.
Gaarder, K. R. (1954). Dinoflagellatae from the “Michael Sars” north Atlantic deep-sea expedition 1910. Report on the Scientific Results of the “Michael Sars” North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910, University of Bergen, John Grieg, Bergen 2.
Gárate-Lizárraga, I., Band-Schmidt, C. J., Verdugo-Díaz, G., Muñetón-Gómez, M. S., & Félix-Pico, E. F. (2007). Dinoflagelados (Dinophyceae) del sistema lagunarMagdalena-Almejas. In R. Funes-Rodríguez, J. GómezGutiérrez, & R. Palomares-García (Eds.), Estudios ecológicos en bahía Magdalena (pp. 145–174). México D.F.: FONMAR/ IPN/ CICIMAR.
Gómez F. (2012). A checklist and classification of living dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata). CICIMAR Oceánides, 27, 65–140.
Gómez, F., Moreira, D., & López-García, P. (2010). Molecular phylogeny of the dinoflagellates Podolampas and Blepharocysta (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae). Phycologia, 49, 212–220. https://doi.org/10.2216/PH09-29.1
Gómez, F., Moreira, D., & López-García, P. (2011). Avances en el estudio de los dinoflagelados (Dinophyceae) con la filogenia molecular. Hidrobiológica, 21, 343–364.
Gómez, F., Nakamura, Y., & Artigas, L F. (2019). Molecular phylogeny of the sand-dwelling dinoflagellate Planodinium striatum and Chrysodinium gen. nov. for Plagiodinium ballux (Dinophyceae). Acta Protozoologica, 58, 115–124. https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.19.012.11421
Guiry, M. D., & Guiry, G. M. (2020). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved on 02 October 2020 from: https://www. algaebase.org
Hallegraeff, G. M. (1988). Plankton. A microscopic world. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Hernández-Becerril, D. U. (1988). Observaciones de algunos dinoflagelados (Dinophyceae) del Pacífico mexicano con microscopios fotónico y electrónico de barrido. Investigación Pesquera, 52, 515–529.
Hoppenrath, M. (2017). Dinoflagellate taxonomy - a review and proposal of a revised classification. Marine Biodiversity, 47, 381–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0471-8
Iwataki, M., Takayama, H., Nguyen, N. V., Lim, P. T., & Fukuyo, Y. (2012). Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae). In T. Omura, M. Iwataki, V. M. Borja, H. Takayama, & Y. Fukuyo (Eds.), Marine phytoplankton of the western Pacific (pp. 53–134). Tokyo: Kouseisha koisekaku, Ltd
Jacobson, D. M. (1999). A brief history of dinoflagellate feeding research. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 46, 376–381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04616.x
Konovalova, G. V. (1998). Dinoflagellatae (Dinophyta) of the Far Eastern seas of Russia and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean (In Russian). Dalnauka, Vladivostok.
McMinn, A., & Scott, F. J. (2005). Dinoflagellates. In F. J. Scott, & H. J. Marchant (Eds.), Antarctic marine protists (pp. 202–250). Canberra: Australia Biological Resources Study and Australian Antractic Division.
Nie, D. (1939). Dinoflagellata of the Hainan region. II. On the thecal morphology of Blepharocysta, with a description of a new species. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 13, 23–39.
Pesantes, F. (1978). Dinoflagelados del fitoplancton del Golfo de Guayaquil. Publicación INOCAR, 2, 1–98.
Saldarriaga, J. F., Leander, B. S., Taylor, F. J. R., & Keeling, P. J. (2003). Lessardia elongata gen. et sp. nov. (Dinoflagellata, Peridiniales, Podolampaceae) and the taxonomic position of the genus Roscoffia. Journal of Phycology, 39, 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.02113.x
Schiller, J. (1937). Dinoflagellatae (Peridineae). Teil II. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora. Leipzig: Akademie Verlag.
Schweikert, M., & Elbrächter, M. (2004). First ultrastructural investigations of the consortium between a phototrophic eukaryotic endocytobiont and Podolampas bipes (Dinophyceae). Phycologia, 43, 614–623. https://doi. org/10.2216/i0031-8884-43-5-614.1
Steidinger, K. A., & Tangen K. (1997). Dinoflagellates. In C.R. Tomas (Ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton (pp. 387– 584). San Diego: Academic Press.
Taylor, F. J. R. (1976). Dinoflagellates from the International Indian Ocean Expedition. A report on material collected by the R.V. “Anton Bruun” 1963-1964. Stuttgart: Bibliotheca Botanica 132.
Taylor, F. J. R. (1978). Dinoflagellates. In A. Sournia (Ed.), Phytoplankton manual (pp. 143–147). Paris: UNESCO.
Taylor, F. J. R., Fukuyo, Y., Larsen, J., & Hallegraeff, G. M. (2003). Taxonomy of harmful dinoflagellates. In G. M. Hallegraeff, D. M. Anderson, & A. D. Cembella (Ed.), Manual on harmful marine microalgae (pp. 389–432). Paris: UNESCO/ IOC.
Wood, E. J. F. (1963). Dinoflagellates of the Australian region. II. Recent collections. Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, Technical paper, 14. Melbourne: CSIRO.
Yamaguchi, A., Wakeman, K. C., Hoppenrath, M., Horiguchi, T., & Kawai, H. (2018). Molecular phylogeny of the benthic dinoflagellate Cabra matta (Dinophyceae) from Okinawa, Japan. Phycologia, 57, 630–640. https://doi. org/10.2216/18-7.1
Yang, S. M., & Li, R. X. (2014). Atlas of dinoflagellates in China’s seas. Beijing: Ocean Press.
