Bacterias cultivables de la rizósfera del maíz: conservando el potencial de los recursos biotecnológicos mexicanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.3561Palabras clave:
Microbiota cultivable, Maíz, Poblaciones bacterianas, Colecciones microbianasResumen
La diversidad de la microbiota asociada a la rizósfera de cultivos en sistemas agrícolas ha sido pobremente estudiada en México y en todo el mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la diversidad de bacterias cultivables en campos de maíz. Se creó una colección de cepas de 11,520 aislados purificados a partir de la rizósfera de maíz. Se procedió a extraer el ADN genómico y secuenciar una región del 16S rADN de cada aislado. Las secuencias fueron analizadas y agrupadas en unidades operacionales taxonómicas (OTU). Esto permitió la agrupación de 7,077 cepas en 185 OTU pertenecientes a 19 géneros dentro de los phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria y
Bacteroidetes; siendo Firmicutes el phylum más rico, incluyendo 146 OTU y 6 géneros, con Bacillus como el género con más especies. Se identificó la comunidad núcleo de los suelos conteniendo 28 OTU de Firmicutes y 1 OTU de Proteobacteria. Se discute el papel que juegan las diferentes poblaciones bacterianas identificadas en la rizósfera del maíz, su potencial para ser empleadas con propósitos biotecnológicos y la importancia de la conservación de los recursos microbianos empleando colecciones bacterianas.
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