Appraising forest diversity in the seasonally dry tropical region of the Gulf of Mexico

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2020.91.3175

Palabras clave:

Forest management, Landscape ecology, Plant diversity, Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest, Secondary Forest

Resumen

Seasonally dry tropical regions in the Neotropics are remarkably biodiverse and provide valuable ecosystem services. Thus, it is crucial to increase and update our information on the biodiversity still preserved within them, particularly in poorly studied areas such as the central coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico, our study area. A total of 5,583 individuals belonging to 157 species, 113 genera, and 43 families were recorded in 29 forest patches (total sampling area = 8.7 ha). From the floristic composition of these patches, 6 vegetation types were identified: Tropical Dry Oak Forest, Tropical Deciduous Forest, Semi-deciduous Forest, Late Secondary Forest, Intermediate Secondary Forest and Early Secondary Forest. Spatial variation in composition was strongly related to edaphic variables (pH, organic matter, carbon content). Some patches had high local (α) diversity, but even more noteworthy was the distinctively high regional (β) diversity of all the patches together. In spite of the high degree of forest fragmentation in central Veracruz, our results show that it is essential to acknowledge the value of this region to biodiversity and the urgency of developing and implementing protection and management policies that ensure the ecological functions of the landscape and the sustainable development of human activities.

Biografía del autor/a

Natalia Mesa-Sierra, Instituto de Ecología, A.C.

Posgrado (Red de Ecología Funcional)

Federico Escobar, Instituto de Ecología, A.C.

Red de Ecoetología

Javier Laborde, INSTITUTO DE ECOLOGIA, A.C.

Red de Ecología Funcional

Citas

Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Pineda, E., Escobar, F., & Benítez-Malvido, J. (2009). Value of small patches in the conservation of plant-species diversity in highly fragmented rainforest. Conservation Biology, 23(3), 729–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01120.x

Balvanera, P., Lott, E., Segura, G., Siebe, C., & Islas, A. (2002). Patterns of β-diversity in a Mexican tropical dry forest. Journal of Vegetation Science, 13(2), 145–158.

Banda, K., Delgado-Salinas, A., Dexter, K. G., Linares-Palomino, R., Oliveira-Filho, A., Prado, D., … Rodríguez, G. M. (2016). Plant diversity patterns in neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications. Science, 353(6306), 1383–1387.

Becknell, J. M., & Powers, J. S. (2014). Stand age and soils as drivers of plant functional traits and aboveground biomass in secondary tropical dry forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 44(6), 604–613. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0331

Briones-Salas, M., Sánchez-Cordero, V., & Sanchez-Rojas, G. (2006). Multi-species fruit and seed removal in a tropical deciduous forest in Mexico. Botany, 84(3), 433–442.

Castillo-Campos, G., Halffter, G., & Moreno, C. E. (2008). Primary and secondary vegetation patches as contributors to floristic diversity in a tropical deciduous forest landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17(7), 1701–1714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9375-7

Castillo-Campos, G., & Travieso-Bello, A. C. (2006). La flora. In Entornos Veracruzanos: la costa de La Mancha. Xalapa, México: Instituto de Ecología AC.

Chao, A., & Jost, L. (2012). Coverage‐based rarefaction and extrapolation: Standardizing samples by completeness rather than size. Ecology, 93(12), 2533–2547.

Cházaro Basáñez, M. de J. (1992). Exploraciones botánicas en Veracruz y estados circunvecinos I. Pisos altitudinales de vegetación en el centro de Veracruz y zonas limítrofes con Puebla. México: Universidad Veracruzana.

Chazdon, R. L. (2014). Second growth: the promise of tropical forest regeneration in an age of deforestation. University of Chicago Press.

Chazdon, R. L., Broadbent, E. N., Rozendaal, D. M. A., Bongers, F., Zambrano, A. M. A., Aide, T. M., … Poorter, L. (2016). Carbon sequestration potential of second-growth forest regeneration in the Latin American tropics. Science Advances, 2(5), e1501639–e1501639. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501639

Cuervo-Robayo, A. P., Téllez-Valdés, O., Gómez-Albores, M. A., Venegas-Barrera, C. S., Manjarrez, J., & Martínez-Meyer, E. (2014). An update of high-resolution monthly climate surfaces for Mexico. International Journal of Climatology, 34(7), 2427–2437. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3848

Derroire, G., Balvanera, P., Castellanos-Castro, C., Decocq, G., Kennard, D. K., Lebrija-Trejos, E., … Healey, J. R. (2016). Resilience of tropical dry forests - a meta-analysis of changes in species diversity and composition during secondary succession. Oikos, 125(10), 1386–1397. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.03229

Dirzo, R. (Ed.). (2011). Seasonally dry tropical forests: ecology and conservation. Washington: Island Press.

Halffter, G. (2007). Reservas archipiélago: Un nuevo tipo de área protegida. In Hacia una cultura de conservación de la diversidad biológica. (Vol. 6, pp. 281–286). m3m: Monografías Tercer Milenio.

Hernández-Ramírez, A. M., & García-Méndez, S. (2015). Diversidad, estructura y regeneración de la selva tropical estacionalmente seca de la Península de Yucatán, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 63(3), 603–616.

Hexagon, G. (2017). ERDAS imagine (Version 6). Atlanta, Georgia.

Hsieh, T., Ma, K., & Chao, A. (2016). iNEXT: iNterpolation and EXTrapolation for species diversity. R package version 2.0. 12.

Instituto de Ecología, A. C., (INECOL). (2016). Flora de Veracruz: listado florístico electrónico y fascículos publicados.

Janzen, D. H. (1988). Management of habitat fragments in a tropical dry forest: Growth. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 75(1), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399468

Laurance, W. F., Useche, D. ., Rendeiro, J., Kalka, M., Bradshaw, C. J. A., Sloan, S. P., … Zamzani, F. (2012). Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas. Nature, 489(7415), 290–294. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11318

Lott, E. J., & Atkinson, T. H. (2006). Mexican and Central American seasonally dry tropical forests: Chamela-Cuixmala, Jalisco, as focal point for comparison. In Neotropical savannas and seasonally dry forests: plant diversity, biogeography, and conservation (pp. 307–331). CRC Press.

McCune, B., & Grace, J. B. (2002). Analysis of ecological communities. Gleneden Beach, OR: MjM Software Design.

McKinney, M. L., & Lockwood, J. L. (1999). Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(11), 450–453.

Melo, F. P. L., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Fahrig, L., Martínez-Ramos, M., & Tabarelli, M. (2013). On the hope for biodiversity-friendly tropical landscapes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(8), 462–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2013.01.001

Méndez-Toribio, M., Meave, J. A., Zermeño-Hernández, I., & Ibarra-Manríquez, G. (2016). Effects of slope aspect and topographic position on environmental variables, disturbance regime and tree community attributes in a seasonal tropical dry forest. Journal of Vegetation Science, 27(6), 1094–1103. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12455

Mesa-Sierra, N., & Laborde, J. (2017). Insights for the conservation of native tree species gleaned From the advance regeneration community in a seasonally dry tropical landscape. Tropical Conservation Science, 10, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082917714228

Moreno-Casasola, P., & Paradowska, K. (2009). Especies útiles de la selva baja caducifolia en las dunas costeras del centro de Veracruz. Madera Y Bosques, 15(3), 21–44.

Norden, N., Chazdon, R. L., Chao, A., Jiang, Y.-H., & Vílchez-Alvarado, B. (2009). Resilience of tropical rain forests: tree community reassembly in secondary forests. Ecology Letters, 12(5), 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01292.x

Oksanen, J., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., O’Hara, B., Stevens, M. H. H., Oksanen, M. J., & Suggests, M. (2007). The vegan package. Community Ecology Package, 10, 631–637.

Pérez-García, E. A., Meave, J., & Gallardo, C. (2001). Vegetación y flora de la región de Nizanda, Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México. Acta Botanica Mexicana, (56), 19–88.

Powers, J. S., Becknell, J. M., Irving, J., & Pèrez-Aviles, D. (2009). Diversity and structure of regenerating tropical dry forests in Costa Rica: Geographic patterns and environmental drivers. Forest Ecology and Management, 258(6), 959–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.036

Quesada, M., Sánchez-Azofeifa, G. A., Álvarez-Añorve, M., Stoner, K. E., Avila-Cabadilla, L., Calvo-Alvarado, J., … Sánchez-Montoya, G. (2009). Succession and management of tropical dry forests in the Americas: Review and new perspectives. Forest Ecology and Management, 258(6), 1014–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.023

R Development Core Team. (2015). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 2.14.10). Retrieved from http://www.r- project.org

Ruelas Inzunza, E., Goodrich, L. J., & Hoffman, S. W. (2010). North American population estimates of waterbirds, vultures and hawks from migration counts in Veracruz, Mexico. Bird Conservation International, 20(2), 124–133.

Rzedowski, J. (2006). Vegetación de México. 1a. Edición digital, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. México. 504pp.

Rzedowski, J., & Calderón de Rzedowski, G. (2013). Datos para la apreciación de la flora fanerogámica del bosque tropical caducifolio de México. Acta Botanica Mexicana, (102), 1–23.

Sánchez-Azofeifa, G. A., Quesada, M., Rodríguez, J. P., Nassar, J. M., Stoner, K. E., Castillo, A., … Cuevas-Reyes, P. (2005). Research priorities for Neotropical dry forests. Biotropica, 37(4), 477–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00066.x

Silva-Aparicio, M., Castro-Ramírez, A. E., Castillo-Campos, G., & Rivera, H. P. (2018). Estructura de la vegetación leñosa en tres áreas con Selva Baja Caducifolia en el Istmo-Costa de Oaxaca, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 66(2), 863–879.

Sluyter, A. (1999). The making of the myth in postcolonial development: material-conceptual landscape transformation in sixteenth-century Veracruz. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 89(3), 377–401.

The Plant List. (2013). The Plant List. Retrieved from http://www.theplantlist.org/

Travieso-Bello, A. C., & Campos, A. (2006). Los componentes del paisaje. In Entornos Veracruzanos: la costa de La Mancha (pp. 139–150). Xalapa, México: Instituto de Ecología AC.

Trejo, I., & Dirzo, R. (2002). Floristic diversity of Mexican seasonally dry tropical forests. Biodiversity & Conservation, 11(11), 2063–2084.

Williams, J. N., Trejo, I., & Schwartz, M. W. (2017). Commonness, rarity, and oligarchies of woody plants in the tropical dry forests of Mexico. Biotropica, 49(4), 493–501. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12447

Williams-Linera, G., & Álvarez-Aquino, C. (2016). Vegetative and reproductive tree phenology of ecological groups in a tropical dry forest in central Veracruz, Mexico. Botanical Sciences, 94(4), 745–756. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.682

Williams-Linera, G., & Lorea, F. (2009). Tree species diversity driven by environmental and anthropogenic factors in tropical dry forest fragments of central Veracruz, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18(12), 3269–3293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9641-3

Descargas

Archivos adicionales

Publicado

2020-07-01

Número

Sección

ECOLOGÍA